Reflections – But Not on Elections

By the time you read this post, the Midterm Elections will be over. Regardless of one’s political persuasion, there will be bipartisan bliss with the absence of political ads going forward. That will be mitigated to some extent by the ubiquitous insurance commercials which will undoubtedly fill the vacuum.

Welcome back to Thebeerchaser. This is a long post. If you are receiving it through an e-mail, please visit the blog by clicking on the title at the top to see all photos and the narrative isn’t clipped or shortened. (# External photo attribution at the end of the post.) (#1)

Charging Backward!?

Perhaps a common theme this fall is the price of arrogance. I’ll cite two sports-related examples to validate this premise. Coach Jim Harbaugh, to much fanfare, became the coach of the Los Angeles Chargers in 2024. It was felt that with his star quarterback, Justin Herbert – Offensive Rookie-of-the-Year in 2020 and Pro Bowl selection in 2021, the Chargers would dominate the West Division of the AFC.

Well, Harbaugh had two 11-6 seasons, but in 2026 he is winless with seven defeats. And Justin Herbert is having an abysmal year. I’ve never been a fan of Jim Harbaugh. He’s been involved in ethical issues during his college coaching career at the University of Michigan as summarized below:

  • Recruiting rule violations during the COVID‑19 dead period.
  • Dishonesty and lack of cooperation with NCAA investigators.
  • Sign‑stealing and unauthorized scouting scandals.
  • Failure to monitor staff and promote compliance.

These cases have resulted in severe NCAA sanctions, reputational damage, and a long-term ban from collegiate coaching. (#2- #3)

Justin Herbert, after an outstanding rookie year, seems to have reached a plateau and then proceed downward in 2026: (Oregon Live)

“Herbert has completed 59.4% of his passes, well off his career mark of 66.1%. He has five TDs, ten turnovers (including a league-worst eight interceptions, with a least one in every game) and been sacked 21 times – second most in the league including the nine times in the last two games.”

I’ve admired Justin Herbert for his academic and athletic achievements in college, but have to chuckle based on his personal life – his marriage to celebrity, Madison Beer in the fall of 2024. (#4)

I wrote about my first exposure to the singer-songwriter in this blog when Janet and I attended an amazing Boston Red Sox game at Fenway Park in 2024:

“…I realized that a significant portion of the crowd – lined up for several blocks – was not in line for the baseball game – they were waiting with great anticipation for a concert at the MGM Music Hall at Fenway.

It was somewhat chilly and I wondered why most of the adolescent girls in line were dressed in tutus – in many cases supplemented by capes and tiaras. And most were without coats. I asked a security guard, and he said they were waiting for a Madison Beer concert scheduled to start at 7:30.

I thought Madison Beer was a micro-brewery in Wisconsin. I found out, however, that she’s a twenty-five-year-old singer- songwriter with ties to Justin Bieber. Fenway was one of sixty-three concerts on her 2023-2024 “Spinnin” world tour. These hardy kids had lined up five hours (or more) early for the evening concert for which they paid an average ticket price of $143.”

Perhaps, Justin should now consider (at least during the NFL Season) switching from Madison Beer to martinis from Twisted Path Gin which is a Milwaukee, Wisconsin distillery. (Sorry, I couldn’t resist…)

A Bit More Football

I’ve written before about my disappointment with the demise of the PAC 12 – especially in football. My wife is an Oregon Duck, I’m a dam Beaver and our older daughter and her husband are Washington Huskies – he a third generation Dawg. I was there during the OSU Giant Killer years and the intra-family banter during football has been fun in the past.

I have many friends who are U of O grads and at the law firm, the Oregon vs. Washington rivalry came close to surpassing what in Oregon was always known as the Civil War – until a few years ago when that term became politically incorrect.

That said, the arrogance of the Ducks has been a sore point in the past and they and Coach Dan Lanning have had a comeuppance this year – while the Beaver gridiron team has surprised everyone with its resurgence. Unfortunately, the Beavers and Ducks won’t play again until September 2028.

Just wait until 2028!

Given that at the beginning of the season, the Ducks were picked by some to be National Champions and #2 in several polls, it provides some satisfaction seeing the following headlines in the sports pages.

“Lanning: ‘We Just Don’t Handle Adversity Well'”

“Ducks’ lost season falls off a cliff with catastrophic loss to Illinois.”

“Oregon is inconsistent, undisciplined, unprepared, and downright unwatchable. Parts of the machine are broken. Dreams of the CFP – considered the floor for this team entering the season – are dead.”

The Ducks have also had three players arrested on various charges including alleged DUI and reckless driving during the season.

The same edition of The Oregonian with the quote above had this comment by one of the columnists: “The Beavers have executed an unimaginable culture reset and the world of college athletics is taking notice.”

(The image on the right was taken yesterday at my long-time law firm colleague and Beerchasing Notable, Jack Faust’s residence. It should be noted that Oregon surprised the pundits by ranking No. 23 in the first College Football Playoff Selection Committee Rankings of the 2026 season.)

Cheers to Oregon State’s Athletic Director, Kevin Griffin and Football Coach, JaMarcus Shepherd – both in the first year – for their leadership and motivational skills!

Farewell to Friends

2026 has been a year of mixed emotions for me. I’ve lost four friends this year – three of them lawyers and one a distinguished professor. Two of the lawyers died in tragic accidents.

Craig Russillo

Craig and I were colleagues at the Schwabe law firm for fourteen years – from the time he joined the firm as a new associate after graduation cum laude from Willamette University Law School, until I retired in 2011. He was killed in a head-on crash on October 15th by a drunken driver near Mount Hood while returning to his home in Bend. (#5)

Not only was he an outstanding attorney, but a wonderful husband and father to his two children – Finn and Elle.

“His quick wit, professionalism and and legal prowess earned him accolade’s from clients and he was quickly elevated to shareholder and ultimately served on the Board of Directors and was a senior leader in the firm’s Commercial Litigation Group.

In his nearly three decades at Schwabe, Craig mentored and nurtured scores of the firm’s young lawyers with an uncommon blend of insight humor and compassion was the very heart and soul of the firm’s ‘work hard, but don’t take yourself too seriously’ culture.

He developed deep and meaningful friendships with generations of staff and shareholders at Schwabe, none of whom were ever safe from Craig’s infection humor and practical jokes.“

And I still laugh with the recipient of one of those practical jokes – Sara Cotton – now a shareholder, but in 2009 a recent cum laude graduate of Lewis and Clark Law School.

Sara, like most new lawyers, had worked incredibly long hours during her first eight months and was looking forward to a great summer vacation. At Schwabe, we did not require lawyers to record sick and vacation hours – their statistics governed when they could take time off. (#6)

A day or two before Sara was to leave, Craig (who had tipped me off) said, “Cotton, I assume you had the COO approve this vacation in advance.” Sara, gasped and said, “No one told me that was required.” He responded, “Well, you better go to Williams’ office and grovel and come up with a good excuse. Otherwise, you might as well cancel your reservations.”

When she came in, I scowled for about thirty seconds before bursting into laughter just as Craig walked in. From that time on, each summer until I retired, I would remind Sara not to forget her obligation to notify me. Schwabe had a great organizational sense of humor and Craig exemplified it.

Mark O’Donnell

Those who follow this blog have read about my friendship and respect for this wonderful lawyer and man of faith which began in 1979 and lasted until his passing in August.

My blog gave examples of the forty + years of sarcastic e-mails and letters we exchanged challenging each other’s character and intellectual ability although we always ended by toasting our brotherhood. (#7)

Mark, growing up in a family which struggled to make ends meet, had a lifetime commitment supporting charitable endeavors. These included De La Salle North Catholic High School, Gonzaga University and many Catholic charities.

In In September 2018, the Northwest Pilot Project presented him with the Agency Impact Award to commemorate his service to the organization, which provides affordable housing to seniors in Multnomah County:

“O’Donnell’s commitment has prevented 450 low-income seniors from becoming homeless.” …He also partners with SE Works, De Paul Treatment Centers and other organizations that serve at-risk kids and low-income seniors.”

Steve Griffith

Steve died on February 12th while climbing Chimborazo when he fell during the ascent.

“It’s the highest mountain in Ecuador and the 39th-highest peak in the entire Andes. The summit is the farthest point on Earth’s surface from the Earth’s center due to its location along the planet’s equatorial bulge. Chimborazo’s height from sea level is 6,263 m (20,548 ft).”  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimborazo

You might ask why an eighty-year-old guy was climbing a mountain in Ecuador. Steve would respond, “Because I can!”

The two pictures below are from his climb with my college fraternity brother, Craig “The Dude” Hanneman at the summit of Mt. Vinson (16,050 feet) in Antarctica – they climbed it in 2008 – one of the Seven Summits. (#8)

You would think that a person who is a graduate of Harvard College, the University of Oxford and Stanford Law School, might tend to be a bit bookish or cerebral in activities and dealings with others.

Notwithstanding his academic pedigree, Steve Griffith was the polar opposite. Besides his distinction as a litigator with a wide-ranging practice for thirty-seven years at Stoel Rives – one of the Northwest’s most prestigious law firms, he was esteemed for his reputation as a civic leader, friend and family man. (#9 – #10)

Steve was a very giving person demonstrating throughout his life that he should share his natural gifts with others. He taught school and coached for two years in Liberia as a Peace Corps volunteer and in 2015, he and his wife, Chris started a preschool in Gbarnga – the same town in which he served years earlier.

Dr. Doug Morgan Professor Emeritus of Public Administration – Portland State University (#11)

The following was written by Masami Nishishiba, Director, Mark O. Hatfield School of Government.

“Doug passed away on October 21, 2026 and was a cherished member of the Hatfield School community, a dedicated educator, a respected scholar, and a generous supporter of our students and programs. As one of the founding donors of the Morgan-Ellis Family Endowment, Doug played an important role in strengthening the Hatfield School’s ability to support students and advance our mission of public service and making government stronger.

…I will deeply miss Doug’s wisdom, warmth, and unwavering commitment to the Hatfield School. He was not only a valued colleague but also a trusted friend whom I could always count on for thoughtful advice and encouragement. His generosity extended far beyond financial contributions—he gave his time, shared his ideas, and genuinely cared about the people and the future of the School.”

I first met Doug in 2024 over coffee and was thrilled shortly afterwards to have a reunion after many years with my Portland State University graduate school professor and advisor, Dr. Walt Ellis and his best friend, Doug, over lunch at Gino’s Restaurant and Bar in mid-June. Janet and I both earned our master degrees from PSU and the Hatfield School has an excellent national reputation.

Walt and Doug had just announced the establishment of the Morgan-Ellis Family Endowment for Community-Centered Education, Scholarship and Governance and kick-started it with a $100,000 donation. (#12)

Each then committed $1 million estate gifts to strengthen the core work of the Hatfield School by funding student research assistantships and deepening the school’s partnerships with local governments through the School’s Center for Public Service.

The loss of these friends is a good reminder to nurture friendships and treasured relationships while we still have the opportunity.

Cheers

External Photo Attribution

Other than those enumerated below, all photos were taken by me or generated by AI.

#1.  Wikimedia Commons (File:Ballot Drop Box Boston.jpg – Wikimedia Commons) Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.   Author: Whoisjohngalt – 3 August 2022.    

#2. Wikimedia Commons (File:Jim Harbaugh (Michigan Wolverines football coach) during Sept. 29, 2018 game against Northwestern Wildcats at Ryan Field (441201710451).jpg – Wikimedia Commons) Author: Maize & Blue Nation – 29 September 2016.      

#3. Wikimedia Commons (File:Los Angeles Chargers sideline.jpg – Wikimedia Commons) Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license.   Author:  All-Pro Reels -12 September 2021.    

#4.    Wikimedia Commons (File:Madison Beer @ The Wiltern 11 28 2021 (51783561891).jpg – Wikimedia Commons)  Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.  Author:  Justin Higuchi – 28 November 2001.

#5. Oregon Live Obituary (https://obits.oregonlive.com/us/obituaries/oregon/name/craig-russillo-obituary?id=62850829).

#6. Sara Cotton (https://www.schwabe.com/professional/sara-cotton/_).    

#7. O’ Donnell Law Firm LLC Website (https://www.odlf.net/about-us/professional-team/attorneys/mark-odonnell/)

#8 Fordham Institute (https://fordhaminstitute.org/about/fordham-staff/stephen-griffith)

#9 – #10. Courtesy of Craig Hanneman.

#11-#12. Hatfield School of Government – Portland State University (https://www.pdx.edu/hatfield-school/).

Gino’s Restaurant and Bar – What’s in a Name?

Courtesy of Sanslartigue – the Silent Camera (https://sanslartigue.com/)

Welcome back to Thebeerchaser. If you are seeing this post through an e-mail, please visit the blog by clicking on the title above to see all of the photos at the end of the post and so the narrative isn’t clipped or shortened. (External photo attribution at the end of the post #1)

Since the pandemic, it’s been discouraging to see the number of hospitality establishments that have struggled or just closed permanently. Exacerbating the situation, is the hardest hit of these enterprises has been the independent or small business owners.

Not that the corporate chains have been untouched by labor shortages, supply-chain issues or just profitability, but they have far superior reserves.  After having it on my list for years, I had lunch at Gino’s Restaurant and Bar in Sellwood, just south of Portland.

And I’m happy to report that Gino’s appears to be thriving, just as Huber’s, (see my recent Beerchaser review) another iconic Portland establishment that’s served loyal patrons for longer than Gino’s, but has some similarities which make both eateries and bars worth visiting – and I might add – “again and again!”

The photo above shows the name as “Original Leipzig Tavern” and I will explain that apparent discrepancy below.

Oh, the History!

I was thrilled to have a reunion after many years with my Portland State University graduate school professor and advisor, Dr. Walt Ellis and his colleague in PSU’s Hatfield School of Government – Dr. Doug Morgan in mid-June.

I’ll relate more about the outstanding careers and reputation of these two gents below, but first a little about the rich history of this Sellwood-Moreland Neighborhood treasure.

From left: Thebeerchaser, Doug Morgan and Walt Ellis

Our visit was enhanced by our wonderful server, Natalie, who right from the start, showed the same attributes of Gino’s staff as described in this review from Trip Advisor in November, 2023:

“This is a wonderful place to eat. Often busy and you may need a reservation. Staff are very friendly and professional, attentive without being intrusive, fast service, always with a smile. Food is excellent. Cocktails and beer, wine list is extensive, appropriate and connoisseurs won’t be disappointed. Go and enjoy.”

An outstanding server

Followers of this blog might remember the name “Accaurdi family” as they were the original owners of Portland’s Old Town Pizza – opened in 1974.  Adam Milne, the current owner, first visited when he was nine and subsequently purchased it in 2003. 

As the review in my 2019 Thebeerchaser post quoted:

“It was in the historic Merchant Hotel in Old Town and a hub for like-minded people with a radical agenda. It stood as a beacon for the local community; a place to break bread and enjoy your neighbor.” 

You will recognize the same theme in Gino’s history.

What is now Gino’s, actually goes back to 1924, when it was opened as a confectionary. The establishment has had multiple names and been in more than one location since that time. The most comprehensive account is a wonderful article, originally published in 2023 in the Sellwood Bee:

“In the summer of 1924, Peter and Helen Leipzig finally attained their lifetime dream….(they) purchased the well-known confectionery store at East 13th and Spokane from Mr. Brink, and are now in possession….

 ‘The Leipzig’ was seen as the first coffee shop and lunch counter in Sellwood.”  (#2)

The Sellwood Bridge over the Willamette River today

Then came the Accuardis…

According to one apparently knowledgeable writer in a May 2008 Yelp review:

“Within Sellwood itself, stood a bar known as the Leipzig, and for years this was one of many watering holes on the southeast side near the bridge. Years later, the original owner would sell the Leipzig to its current owners, with one caveat, the Leipzig sign was to remain, and so it does to this day.”

There are a number of accounts as to the name issue – Gino’s versus The Leipzig Tavern – according to current owner, Gino Accuardi, in our phone conversation detailed below. He said that one of the senior members (obviously unmarried) of the Leipzig family was the Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Portland.

“He was very irate when the confectionary turned into a bar because he was against drinking.”  (#3)

The article in the Sellwood Bee continues:

“Marc and Debby Accuardi bought the Leipzig Tavern in 1996, opening “Gino’s Restaurant and Bar next door”, and using the old Leipzig Tavern as an additional bar for their customers. Much as Peter and Helen believed in back in 1924, they built a place ‘where friends and neighbors could gather to enjoy quality food and wine’”.

I had a very nice phone chat with Gino, who picked up the phone when I called for additional information. Our conversation started like this:

Gino:  “Gino’s Restaurant and Bar. This is Gino.”

Beerchaser: “You mean the Gino?”

Gino: “Yep, my grandfather named this place after me when I was twelve. Since I was from a third – no I guess a fourth-generation restaurant family, I guess I knew I was going to own a restaurant someday.”

“I’ve heard many versions of why the Leipzig sign is still there, but keeping it just made common sense. It has a great legacy.”

The Bar Section

The establishment is divided into two distinct sections.  One walks into the bar which has an older-time ambiance including a beautiful backbar and a number of booths. This is aptly described by Willamette Week in their 2019 review:

“Gino’s survives as a Corleone-fueled fever dream simmering in old country charm. The mahogany-lined restaurant sits underneath signage advertising the long-dead Leipzig Tavern, and serves inspired renditions of defiantly unreconstructed Italian classics…..

Today the attached restaurant is known as Gino’s. The bar inside was salvaged from a Chicago warehouse by the current owner and adds a more authentic old-world touch to the atmosphere of the bar (the brass seal from the manufacturer is still on the bar today).” (emphasis supplied) 

This touch harkened me back to some of the great bars and backbars in both Oregon and the western US where I have Beerchased. 

Take a look at these Portland area all-stars from my past visits – clockwise from left to right: McNaulty and Barry’s – Oregon City, the Double Barrel, Buffalo Bills – Beavercreek, Cassidy’s Restuarant and Bar, Hubers Cafe and Multnomah Whiskey Library

And the western US, most notably Montana and Colorado bars, where taxidermy and weapons often complement the historic ambiance.

Clockwise from left to right:  Blue Moon Saloon – Columbus, Montana; Gold Pan Saloon – Breckenridge, Co.; Montana Bar – Miles City, Montana; Oxford Saloon – Missoula, Montana; Saw Mill Saloon – Darby, Montana; Trapper’s Saloon – Eureka, Montana.

(I have to admit that I’ve only seen one alligator hanging over a bar – at the Blue Moon Saloon in what is purported to be Montana’s longest bar.  It’s not as scary, however, as the polar bear in an adjacent glass enclosed case.)

The Dining Room at Gino’s

Gino’s dining room also has character.  It’s reported to have once been a silent movie theater. There are interesting and colorful murals, antique furniture and scads of knick-knacks and mementoes from years past.

We had great sandwiches at our lunch and the dinner menu beckons for a return visit – it has variety and very reasonable prices.  Read the following account from a 2018 Portland Eater  article with Gino’s mom, Debbi recounting their favorite meal (and as remarkable as it seems these days, it’s still available for only $23 – see “Grandma Jean’s” on the menu).

https://www.pdxmonthly.com/eat-and-drink/2018/02/we-asked-20-portland-chefs-and-foodies-what-tastes-like-home

“When Marc and I first opened our Italian restaurant in 1996, we lived upstairs, and every Christmas Eve we would have all the Accuardis in for a potluck—that was about 120 people.

And this was the dish: red sauce with pork ribs, stewed beef, and pepperoni (served over penne at Gino’s). The thing was, everyone—every aunt, uncle, and cousin—had their own version, and there would be huge arguments about the right way to make it. It’s all about when the herbs go in, basically.

This is a dish that goes generation to generation.” (#4)

I asked Gino how business was during the pandemic and he stated:

“If I would have known at the beginning, what I know now, I might have thought twice, but we were both lucky and agile as we adjusted some things and tried new ideas that worked. We cooperated with the City and closing part of the street was really helpful.

We have a great clientele from all over the city, but especially our neighborhood. I live six blocks away and my daughter goes to school in the neighborhood. We focus on being a neighborhood establishment and they rallied for us.”

The spacious patio adjacent to the bar affirms Gino’s comment above.

In Closing, I Can’t Forget my Beerchasing Companions and the Hatfield School

I’m happy that my two lunch companions – both Gino regulars – Walt, from the date they opened – suggested Gino’s.  We had great sandwiches and a good bottle of wine for lunch.

This August 2023 Trip Advisor review shows why Janet and I will return there for dinner:

“Wonderful experience. This is a magnificent restaurant. Great atmosphere, lovely Italian food, attentive staff. Not too noisy. Seasonal Caprese on the menu just now, is superb. Good bar, excellent and extensive wine list. The wines by the glass are first class and reasonably priced. Beers varied to suit all tastes.”

But let me tell you about the Hatfield School and the Master’s of Public Administration program at Portland State University.  It’s dear to my heart and was a great help to both Janet and me during our careers in both the public and private sectors.

In the mid-seventies, I was working for Clackamas County and enjoying my work in local government. Based on the reputation of the MPA program at PSU, I applied and was admitted:  

“The Mark O. Hatfield School’s degree, certificate, and continuing education programs are shaped by three overarching values: the importance of public service, the pursuit of social justice, and the quest for effective innovation in service delivery.” (#5)

I had a demanding job (and a bachelor’s social life) and grad school began a long journey of taking one class per quarter for the next five years – usually on a weeknight from 6:00 until 9:00, if I remember correctly.   

There were numerous papers occupying many weekends, but I was often able to integrate them into my job for the County Commissioners. The professors were first-rate and the classes practical and interesting.

Walt Ellis was my advisor and not only a great professor, but a wonderful and caring human being. His “Organizational Theory” class was of considerable use to me not only while I was in the public sector, but for the next twenty-five years in legal management. 

Because of work demands (or at least that’s what I maintain now…) I took an incomplete with one major paper to complete to get credit. At that time, there were not personal computers and I typed some of the papers and hired a typist as well.  There is a time limit on incompletes and that was tolling. 

I had the paper completed, but only 50% typed on the last day to submit it. I knew where Walt lived so I drove to his house, knocked on his door with my paper in the late afternoon. Walt answered the door and I was prepared to beg for mercy – but I didn’t have to. He took the paper and said to his wonderful wife:

“Rosemary, don’t we have enough spaghetti for Don to join us for dinner?”

(It was a wonderful meal and I ended up with an A in the course.) You won’t believe it, but I still have two papers from Walt’s classes in 1978 – from the “Organizational Theory” and “Administrative Theory and Behavior” courses.

Walt also informed me that if I didn’t finish my two remaining courses in the next two terms, PSU was going to start deducting credits.  This was right when I had started dating my future wife – Janet Dancer, who was working as the Assistant City Manager at Oregon City. (We met at a Planning Commission meeting.)

On our first date to a Portland Trailblazer game, I successfully lobbied her into enrolling in the MPA program. Janet had majored in Public Administration at the University of Oregon and, interestingly enough, had taken a course from Walt Ellis when he taught there.

(Her dad, the late Joe Dancer, was the City Manager of McMinnville, Oregon for twenty-seven years and has a park named after him in the city.) (#6)

Following a legacy in Public Administration

We married shortly afterwards and Janet and I took two terms of Data Analysis together – which came close to ruining our marriage and not just because she got a much higher grade on the first linear regression exam then I did. (#7)

walt ellis

Does the guy in the pew look familiar?

We used to flip a coin to see who would drive to the now century-old Shattuck Hall on campus and stand in line to have the punch cards run through the mainframe and who would clean the bathrooms. (The winner got to clean the bathrooms.)

Our forty-four-year marriage survived Data Analysis and other challenges and we both got our MPA’s – although Janet in a much shorter period.

The Morgan – Ellis Family Endowment

I will conclude with a final accolade to these two outstanding academicians with an excerpt from the Spring Newsletter of the Hatfield School with a quote from Masami Nishishiba, Ph.D, Director.

“We were thrilled to announce the establishment of the ‘Morgan Ellis Family Endowment for Community-Centered Education, Scholarship, and Governance.’

This incredible initiative was kickstarted by two Emeriti Professors, Dr. Doug Morgan, Former Chair of the Department of Public Administration and the Founding Director of the Center for Public Service and Dr. Walt Ellis, Former Associate Dean of the College of Urban and Public Affairs. Their generous donation of $100,000 set the foundation for this endowment.” (#8)

Director Nishishiba, Walt and Doug

These two guys definitely walk their talk!

Cheers

External Photo Attribution

#1.  Sanslartigue 2 – Sanslartigue 2: The silent camera continued.

#2. Wikimedia Commons (File:New Sellwood Bridge in September 2016.jpg – Wikimedia Commons)  Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.  Author: September 2016

#3.  Ginos Restaurant and Bar Website (Gino’s Restaurant & Bar (ginossellwood.com)).

#4.  Gino’s Restaurant and Bar Facebook Page (https://www.facebook.com/ginossellwood/photos_by).

#5.  Wikimedia Commons (File:Sign at entry to Portland State University (2004).jpg – Wikimedia Commons)  Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.  Author:  Kkmd at English Wikipedia – 20 October 2004.

#6. All Trails website (Photos of Joe Dancer Park – Oregon | AllTrails)  Author: Paul Turchan.

#7.  Public Domain – Wikimedia Commons (File:Linear Regression – it.svg – Wikimedia Commons). This work has been released into the public domain by its author, I, Berland. This applies worldwide. 28 October 2008.

#8. Portland State University website (What’s New in the Hatfield School of Government | Portland State University (pdx.edu).